Thermodynamic properties of dilute solutions of various elements in liquid lead

Published evidence about the thermodynamic properties of dilute solutions of various elements in liquid lead are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the characteristic impurities in lead smelted both from ores and from secondary raw materials and also to alkali and alkaline-earth metals whose behavior is of interest for electrolysis processes with a liquid lead cathode. In experimental data processing, the activity coefficient of a component at infinite dilution was estimated by using, when necessary, the analytical representation of the concentration dependence of thermodynamic functions and various graphical extrapolation procedures.