Flavin-Containing Monooxygenases (FMO) Genes in Garlic Allium sativum L.: Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis in Response to Fusarium proliferatum

In this study, 39 flavin-containing monooxygenase genes were identified in the genome of garlic ( Allium sativum L.). The distribution of AsFMOs into three phylogenetic clades associated with N-oxygenation (22 proteins), auxin biosynthesis (13 proteins), and S-oxygenation (4 proteins) has been shown. FAD and NADPH binding, FMO-identifying, and FATGY motifs were found in the AsFMO sequences. AsFMO s transcripts were present in all garlic organs with a maximum in roots, leaves, peduncles, and air bulbs. In response to infection with the pathogenic fungus Fusarium proliferatum , differential expression of clade I genes ( AsFMO4 , AsFMO11 , AsFMO12 , and AsFMO35 ) was detected in the roots of cv. Sarmat and Strelets, contrasting in Fusarium rot resistance. At the same time, the expression response of the clade III AsFMO18 gene involved in alliin biosynthesis was similar for both cultivars, regardless of their resistance/susceptibility to Fusarium . This suggests the redundancy of genes of clades I and III in plant responses to infection. The AsFMO35 coding and regulatory sequences were analyzed in cv. Sarmat and Strelets. It was shown that the AsFMO35 promoter differs by the presence of the ABA-associated cis -regulatory element ABRE in cv. Strelets susceptible to Fusarium rot.