Localization accuracy of advanced spatialisation techniques in small concert halls

A comparison of several spatialization systems is presented in terms of their localization accuracy under the nonideal listening conditions found in typical small concert halls. Of interest is the effect of real reverberant conditions, noncentral listening positions, and nonsymmetrical speaker arrays on source localization. The data are presented by comparison of empirical binaural measurements and perceptual listening tests carried out using Ambisonics, VBAP, SPAT∼, and Delta Stereophony systems. The listening tests are conducted by comparing the localization of phantom sources generated by the spatialization systems to sources generated by reference loudspeakers. The reference and phantom sources are presented at front, side, and back locations about a nine-listener audience, and the systems are tested in a random order with a calibrated 16-loudspeaker array situated nonsymmetrically around the audience area. The binaural recordings are compared to the subjective measurements of localization accuracy through the interaural level and time difference cues for each source position.