High-frequency sound attenuation caused by the wind-generated bubble layer in the open sea

Sound attenuation along vertical paths for high-frequency beams is calculated using a semi-empirical formula for the distribution of wind-generated bubbles in the open sea [Novarini and Bruno, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 510–514 (1982)]. These calculations are carried out numerically for frequencies between 70 and 150 kHz, wind speeds up to 30 kn and different transducer depths. The results are fitted with a simple formula.