Musical performance by the handicapped generated from bioelectric signals

Recently, the use of bioelectric signals to generate MIDI was reported [H. S. Lusted and R. B. Knapp, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 84, S179 (1988)]. Currently, the Biomuse system is being developed for use by movement-impaired individuals to produce music from standard MIDI instruments. The system detects bioelectric signals that are then analyzed for specific intensity and spectral characteristics, and then mapped to MIDI output commands to produce desired effects from a synthesizer. The system can utilize the electrical signals from muscle (EMG), brain activity (EEG), and eye movements (EOG). Through the use of flexible front end software, the Biomuse can accommodate the needs of many diverse populations of handicapped users. In so doing, the Biomuse will open doors to independent music making and renewal of the creative process. A quadriplegic user, for example, can utilize residual upper extremity EMG and eye movements to directly control various MIDI parameters in order to produce synthesizer sounds or access the functions of PC-based software. Therapeutic interactions using this technology can help people to overcome barriers and lead richer and more productive lives.