Introduction to reproducible laboratory hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

X-ray sources with a photon energy higher than 2140 eV are increasingly being used for routine x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on laboratory-based instruments. This analytical approach is termed “HAXPES” (hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). This article provides an overview of the current...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of vacuum science & technology. A, Vacuum, surfaces, and films Vacuum, surfaces, and films, 2024-09, Vol.42 (5)
Hauptverfasser: Artyushkova, Kateryna, Leadley, Stuart R., Shard, Alexander G.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:X-ray sources with a photon energy higher than 2140 eV are increasingly being used for routine x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on laboratory-based instruments. This analytical approach is termed “HAXPES” (hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). This article provides an overview of the current and potential future uses of laboratory-based HAXPES in comparison to routine XPS performed using Al Kα and Mg Kα x-ray sources. The standardization of XPS has occurred over 30 years and many of the procedures and reference works are specific to the use of Al Kα and Mg Kα x-ray sources. In this article, we discuss the translation of standard XPS practices to HAXPES, indicate useful resources for HAXPES users, and highlight areas where there is a need for improved information and guidance.
ISSN:0734-2101
1520-8559
DOI:10.1116/6.0003740