Retracted: Mathematical relationships and their consequences between rat pulse waveform parameters and blood pressure during decreasing NO bioavailability

New Findings What is the central question of this study? We wanted to find out whether the relationship between rat arterial pulse waveform (APW) parameters and blood pressure could be described by known mathematical functions and find mathematical parameters for conditions of hypertension resulting from decreased NO bioavailability. What is the main finding and its importance? We found mathematical functions and their parameters that approximate the relationships of 12 APW parameters to systolic and diastolic blood pressure in conditions of decreased NO bioavailability. The results may assign APW parameters to decreased NO bioavailability, which may have predictive or diagnostic value. Information obtained from the arterial pulse waveform (APW) is useful for characterization of the cardiovascular system in particular (patho)physiological conditions. Our goal was to find out whether the relationships between rat APW parameters could be described by simple mathematical functions and to find mathematical parameters for conditions of hypertension resulting from decreased NO bioavailability. Therefore, we explored details of 14 left carotid APW parameters of anaesthetized male Wistar rats and mathematically characterized their relationship to systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) in conditions of a gradual reduction in NO bioavailability after administration of l‐NAME. The right jugular vein of anaesthetized Wistar rats was cannulated for l‐NAME administration. The left carotid artery was cannulated to detect the APW at high resolution. Here, we show the time‐dependent parallel changes of 14 APW parameters before and after i.v. administration of l‐NAME and present mathematical functions that approximate the relationships of 12 APW parameters to systolic and diastolic BP. Some APW parameters had minor (e.g. heart rate) or biphasic dependence on BP (e.g. relative level of the maximum rate of ventricular pressure decrease (dP/dtmin)), but all relationships, within a particular range of BP, could be approximated by known regression functions, as a linear function (e.g. pulse BP), exponential decay (e.g. relative level of the maximum rate of ventricular pressure increase (dP/dtmax)), exponential growth (systolic area), exponential rise to a maximum (relative augmentation index) or sigmoid function (e.g. increase of relative level of dP/dtmin). The mathematical functions may assign APW parameters to decreased NO bioavailability. This may have predictive or diag