Pilot clinical study of carmustine associated with a lipid nanoemulsion in combination with vincristine and prednisone for the treatment of canine lymphoma

A lipid nanoemulsion (LDE) resembling low‐density lipoprotein can target malignant tumours. In in vivo and clinical studies, association of chemotherapeutic agents to LDE decreased their toxicity and increased pharmacological action. Here, safety of LDE as carmustine carrier (50 mg m⁻², intravenous) combined with vincristine and prednisone for the treatment of dogs with lymphoma was tested and compared with commercial carmustine with vincristine and prednisone. In five dogs from LDE‐carmustine and six from commercial carmustine, complete remission was achieved (P > 0.05). Partial remission occurred in two dogs from each group. In both groups, the median progression‐free intervals (119 and 199 days) and overall survival times (207 and 247 days) were equal. Neutropenia was observed in both groups, but no other major toxicities occurred. Therefore, no difference was observed between the treatments. LDE‐carmustine was shown to be safe and effective in a drug combination protocol, which encourages larger studies to investigate the use of this novel formulation to treat canine lymphomas.