JMJ 27, an Arabidopsis H3K9 histone demethylase, modulates defense against Pseudomonas syringae and flowering time

Histone methylation is known to dynamically regulate diverse developmental and physiological processes. Histone methyl marks are written by methyltransferases and erased by demethylases, and result in modification of chromatin structure to repress or activate transcription. However, little is known about how histone methylation may regulate defense mechanisms and flowering time in plants. Here we report characterization of JmjC DOMAIN‐CONTAINING PROTEIN 27 (JMJ27), an Arabidopsis JHDM2 (JmjC domain‐containing histone demethylase 2) family protein, which modulates defense against pathogens and flowering time. JMJ27 is a nuclear protein containing a zinc‐finger motif and a catalytic JmjC domain with conserved Fe(II) and α‐ketoglutarate binding sites, and displays H3K9me1/2 demethylase activity both in vitro and in vivo . JMJ27 is induced in response to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pathogens and is required for resistance against these pathogens. JMJ27 is a negative modulator of WRKY25 (a repressor of defense) and a positive modulator of several pathogenesis‐related ( PR ) proteins. Additionally, loss of JMJ27 function leads to early flowering. JMJ27 negatively modulates the major flowering regulator CONSTANS ( CO ) and positively modulates FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ). Taken together, our results indicate that JMJ27 functions as a histone demethylase to modulate both physiological (defense) and developmental (flowering time) processes in Arabidopsis. Histone methylation modulates multiple biological processes in plants that include responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and plant development. Here, we report molecular characterization of JMJ27, an Arabidopsis H3K9 histone demethylase that modulates defense against bacterial pathogens, and flowering time; jmj27 mutants are compromised in resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and flower earlier compared to wild type plants, suggesting a critical role for JMJ27 in modulating both pathogen defense and development.