Breakthrough E xophiala dermatitidis infection during prophylactic administration of micafungin during second umbilical cord blood transplantation after graft failure

E xophiala dermatitidis infections in patients with hematological malignancies are very rare. Our patient had a blood stream infection caused by E . dermatitidis following the second umbilical cord blood transplantation ( UCBT ) after graft failure during the first UCBT . To our knowledge, this is the first report describing a breakthrough fungal infection caused by E . dermatitidis during the prophylactic administration of micafungin ( MCFG ). Therefore, MCFG ‐treated patients should be monitored for breakthrough E . dermatitidis infection during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.