A training intervention for home care nurses in cross‐cultural communication: An evaluation study of changes in attitudes, knowledge and behaviour

Aims To assess whether a training intervention in cross‐cultural communication can positively impact attitudes, knowledge and behaviour and to investigate possible dependencies between these components. Design (Controlled) longitudinal multimethod evaluation. Methods A training based on theoretical considerations and informed by semi‐standardized interviews with home care nurses was developed and evaluated. Participants rated their cross‐cultural attitudes, knowledge and behaviour and answered case vignettes assessing their knowledge before and after this training. Shift observations assessed behaviourial aspects at t1 and t2. Data were collected between June 2016–March 2017 and between April 2017–November 2017. Analyses of variance and multiple linear regression models were employed. Results The training showed promising tendencies with cross‐cultural attitudes, knowledge and behaviour with diverging results for initially quite high self‐reports showing positive but mostly not significant developments and objective assessments mostly showing significant positive changes. There were significant associations between self‐reported cross‐cultural behaviour at t1 and objective cross‐cultural knowledge at t2, whereas self‐rated and objectively assessed knowledge showed no significant associations. Shift observations showed significant positive developments in participants’ communication behaviour. Conclusion Our study shows the importance of using different methods and targeting different outcomes areas to rate impacts of (cross‐cultural) training interventions. Future studies should consider challenging conditions in home care nursing affecting the success of interventions and investigate mechanisms of skill acquisition in nursing. Impact This is one of very few studies using multi‐method approach to evaluate a cross‐cultural competency intervention and simultaneously assess cross‐cultural attitudes, knowledge and behaviour including possible dependencies between these aspects. 目的 评估跨文化交流中的培训干预措施是否能对态度,知识和行为产生积极影响,并研究这些因素之间可能存在的相关性。 设计 (对照)纵向多方法研究。 方法 以理论分析为基础,并通过对家庭护理护士进行半标准化访谈,制定并评估一项培训。参与者对其跨文化态度、知识和行为进行了评分,并回答了案例短文以评估其培训前后的知识。轮班观察评估了t1和t2的行为方面。我们在2016年6月至2017年3月以及2017年4月至2017年11月之间收集了数据,并采用了方差分析法和多元线性回归模型。 结果 培训显示出跨文化态度、知识和行为方面的良好趋势,同时结果差异很大,最初自我评价时分数相当高,结果积极,但发展大多不显著,而客观评估大多展现出显著的积极变化。t1自我报告的跨文化行为与t2的客观的跨文化知识之间存在显著的相关性,而自我评价与客观评估的知识之间则没有显著关联。轮班观察表明参与者的交流行为出现了显著的积极发展。 结论 此项研究表明使用不同方法并针对不同结果领域来评估(跨文化)培训干预措施影响的重要性。此后的研究应考虑家庭护理护理中具有挑战性的情况,这些情况会影响干预措施的结果,此外,还应