Synthesis and microstructural characterization of δ‐phase bismuth‐based electroceramic systems by double‐doping regime

In this study, Bi2O3‐based (Er2O3)x(Gd2O3)y(Bi2O3)1‐x‐y ternary compound powders were synthesized with different stoichiometric ratios by the solid‐state reaction method at different annealing treatment. Crystal structure characterization was investigated via X‐ray powder diffraction method in order to determine the fcc‐cubic phases powders. Microstructure properties of pellet samples obtained from scanning electron microscopy. Also, thermal properties and porosity were investigated via differential thermal analysis and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis. δ‐Phase structure was provided at all ternary samples at 800°C heat treatment temperature. The relationship between lattice parameters and total dopant rate was analyzed. As the amount of dopant rate increased, lattice parameters were increased. In conclusion, a correlation between the ionic radius of the dopant cations and lattice parameters was revealed.