Exhaled breath condensate hydrogen peroxide, pH and leukotriene B 4 are associated with lower airway inflammation and airway cytology in the horse

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) analysis is a noninvasive method to assess the lower respiratory tract. In human subjects, EBC hydrogen peroxide (H O ), pH and leukotriene B (LTB ) are useful for detection and monitoring of inflammatory lung diseases, including asthma. To determine associations between EBC biomarkers and cytological and endoscopic definitions of lower airway inflammation (LAI) while controlling for sampling and environmental variables. Prospective, cross-sectional study. Clinical, endoscopic and airway cytological findings from 47 horses were compared with EBC pH and concentrations of H O and LTB by univariate and multivariable analyses. Dichotomous (presence/absence of airway inflammation) and continuous outcome variables (differential cell counts in tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF) were evaluated and potential effects of collection and methodological factors were included. EBC pH and H O concentrations were higher in horses with LAI and both were positively associated with the percentage of neutrophils in BALF (P