Converting F ENO by different flows to standard flow F ENO

In clinical practice, assessment of expiratory nitric oxide (F ) may reveal eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthmatic and other pulmonary diseases. Currently, measuring of F is standardized to exhaled flow level of 50 ml s , since the expiratory flow rate affects the F results. To enable the comparison of F measured with different expiratory flows, we firstly aimed to establish a conversion model to estimate F at the standard flow level, and secondly, validate it in five external populations. F measurements were obtained from 30 volunteers (mixed adult population) at the following multiple expiratory flow rates: 50, 30, 100 and 300 ml s , after different mouthwash settings, and a conversion model was developed. We tested the conversion model in five populations: healthy adults, healthy children, and patients with COPD, asthma and alveolitis. F conversions in the mixed adult population, in healthy adults and in children, showed the lowest deviation between estimated from 100 ml s and measured F at 50 mL s : -0·28 ppb, -0·44 ppb and 0·27 ppb, respectively. In patients with COPD, asthma and alveolitis, the deviation was -1·16 ppb, -1·68 ppb and 1·47 ppb, respectively. We proposed a valid model to convert F in healthy or mixed populations, as well as in subjects with obstructive pulmonary diseases and found it suitable for converting F measured with different expiratory flows to the standard flow in large epidemiological data, but not on individual level. In conclusion, a model to convert F from different flows to the standard flow was established and validated.