Endogenous rhythmic growth and ectomycorrhizal fungi modulate priming of antiherbivore defences in subsequently formed new leaves of oak trees
Priming of plant defences provides increased plant protection against herbivores and reduces the allocation costs of defence. Defence priming in woody plants remains obscure, in particular, due to plant development traits such as endogenous rhythmic growth. By using bioassays with oak microcuttings...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of ecology 2024-02 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | Priming of plant defences provides increased plant protection against herbivores and reduces the allocation costs of defence. Defence priming in woody plants remains obscure, in particular, due to plant development traits such as endogenous rhythmic growth.
By using bioassays with oak microcuttings (
Quercus robur
) and combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we investigated how leaf herbivory by
Lymantria dispar
and root inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus
Piloderma croceum
prime oak defences. We further investigated how defence priming is modulated by the rhythmic growth of the oaks.
A first herbivory challenge in oak leaves primed newly grown leaves for enhanced induction of jasmonic acid (JA)‐related direct defences, or enhanced emission of volatiles, depending on the specific growth stage at which the plants were first challenged. Root inoculation with
Piloderma
abolished the enhanced induction of JA‐related defences and volatile emission.
Synthesis
: Our results indicate that a first herbivore attack primes direct and indirect defences of newly formed oak leaves and that the specific display of defence priming is regulated by rhythmic growth, and modulated by the interaction
Piloderma
. Our results show that the priming memory in oaks can be transmitted to the next growth cycle, to the leaves of the new shoot unit.
El priming de las defensas de las plantas es un mecanismo que les proporciona una mayor protección contra los herbívoros y reduce el coste de la activación de estas defensas. En plantas leñosas, la regulación del priming sigue siendo parcialmente desconocida, en parte, debido a ciertos rasgos del desarrollo de las plantas leñosas como el crecimiento rítmico endógeno.
Utilizando bioensayos con microesquejes de roble (Quercus robur) y combinando análisis transcriptómicos y metabolómicos, investigamos cómo la herbivoría foliar por
Lymantria dispar
y la inoculación de raíces con el hongo ectomicorrícico
Piloderma croceum
pueden afectar al priming de las defensas del roble. Además, investigamos cómo este priming puede estar modulado por el crecimiento rítmico de los robles.
Un primer ataque del herbívoro activó el fenómeno de priming en las nuevas hojas en desarrollo, mediante la potenciación de las defensas directas reguladas por el ácido jasmónico (JA), o mediante una mayor emisión de volátiles, dependiendo de la etapa de crecimiento específica en la que las plantas fueron sometidas al primer ataque. La inoculación de raíce |
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ISSN: | 0022-0477 1365-2745 |
DOI: | 10.1111/1365-2745.14263 |