Temperature-Aware Dynamic Voltage Scaling to Improve Energy Efficiency of Near-Threshold Computing

Power and energy reduction is of uttermost importance for applications with stringent power/energy budget such as ultralow power and energy-harvested systems. Aggressive voltage scaling and in particular near-threshold computing is a promising approach to reduce the power and energy consumption. However, reducing the supply voltage leads to drastic performance variation induced by process and runtime variation. Temperature variation is one of the major sources of performance variation. In this paper, we study the impact of temperature variation on the circuit behavior in the near-threshold voltage region and show that the ambient temperature has a huge impact on the metrics such as circuit delay, power, and energy consumption. We also propose a low-cost, ambient temperature-aware voltage scaling technique to reduce the unnecessary energy overhead caused by temperature variation. Simulation results show that our proposed approach reduces the energy consumption by more than 1.95×.