A High-Efficiency 27-30-GHz 130-nm Bi-CMOS Transmitter Front End for SATCOM Phased Arrays
A high-efficiency 27-30 GHz 0.13- {{\mu } \text {m}} BiCMOS transmitter front end for mobile satellite communication (SATCOM) phased arrays is presented. A system-level analysis for determining the key parameters of the RF front end for the case of a SATCOM user terminal for geostationary Earth orb...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2021-11, Vol.69 (11), p.4977-4985 |
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| creator | Rasti Boroujeni, Soroush Mazaheri, Mohammad Hossein Ituah, Stanly Wyrzykowska, Aneta Ziabakhsh, Soheyl Palizban, Ardeshir Chen, Guoyan El-Gouhary, Amany Fereidani, Kaveh Nezhad-Ahmadi, Mohammad-Reza Safavi-Naeini, Safieddin |
| description | A high-efficiency 27-30 GHz 0.13- {{\mu } \text {m}} BiCMOS transmitter front end for mobile satellite communication (SATCOM) phased arrays is presented. A system-level analysis for determining the key parameters of the RF front end for the case of a SATCOM user terminal for geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) is presented. The building blocks of the beamformer, consisting of a phase shifter, variable attenuator, and power amplifier, are fully characterized. A 360° phase shifter with an accuracy of 7 bits and amplitude error of ±1.5 dB is integrated with a variable attenuator that provides a gain variation of 16 dB with phase error of ±5°. The chip has a measured transducer gain of 23 dB and a power consumption of 45 mW at OP 1dB of 10.8 dBm. The power-added efficiency (PAE) of 26.7% is measured for the entire channel at OP 1dB . An error vector magnitude (EVM) of −28 dB at P out,avg of 6 dBm and PAE avg of 12% is measured for a 400-MHz bandwidth 64-QAM modulated signal. The overall size of the chip is {1.18} \times {2.23}\,\,\text {mm}^{{2}} . |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TMTT.2021.3103975 |
| format | Article |
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A system-level analysis for determining the key parameters of the RF front end for the case of a SATCOM user terminal for geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) is presented. The building blocks of the beamformer, consisting of a phase shifter, variable attenuator, and power amplifier, are fully characterized. A 360° phase shifter with an accuracy of 7 bits and amplitude error of ±1.5 dB is integrated with a variable attenuator that provides a gain variation of 16 dB with phase error of ±5°. The chip has a measured transducer gain of 23 dB and a power consumption of 45 mW at OP 1dB of 10.8 dBm. The power-added efficiency (PAE) of 26.7% is measured for the entire channel at OP 1dB . An error vector magnitude (EVM) of −28 dB at P out,avg of 6 dBm and PAE avg of 12% is measured for a 400-MHz bandwidth 64-QAM modulated signal. The overall size of the chip is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{1.18} \times {2.23}\,\,\text {mm}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9480</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2021.3103975</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETMAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>PISCATAWAY: IEEE</publisher><subject>5G mobile communication ; Antenna ; Antenna arrays ; Antennas ; Attenuators ; beamformer chip ; CMOS ; Efficiency ; Engineering ; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic ; Gain ; geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) ; gigabit per second ; high efficiency ; millimeter-wave phased array ; passive beamforming ; Phase error ; phase shifter ; Phase shifters ; Phased arrays ; Power amplifiers ; Power consumption ; Power management ; Radio frequency ; satellite communication (SATCOM) ; Satellite communications ; Satellites ; Science & Technology ; Technology ; transmitter ; variable attenuator</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2021-11, Vol.69 (11), p.4977-4985</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>18</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000714714800041</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-132f1ac4e440521c3442937b32d3af150b9100e1e7b5054cb1b66f5e4f1d3a653</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c359t-132f1ac4e440521c3442937b32d3af150b9100e1e7b5054cb1b66f5e4f1d3a653</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4346-6463 ; 0000-0002-5604-9423 ; 0000-0001-8122-330X ; 0000-0002-0186-1801 ; 0000-0002-3357-0638 ; 0000-0002-5976-5118</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9520116$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,797,27929,27930,39263,54763</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9520116$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rasti Boroujeni, Soroush</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazaheri, Mohammad Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ituah, Stanly</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wyrzykowska, Aneta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziabakhsh, Soheyl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Palizban, Ardeshir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Guoyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El-Gouhary, Amany</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fereidani, Kaveh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nezhad-Ahmadi, Mohammad-Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Safavi-Naeini, Safieddin</creatorcontrib><title>A High-Efficiency 27-30-GHz 130-nm Bi-CMOS Transmitter Front End for SATCOM Phased Arrays</title><title>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</title><addtitle>TMTT</addtitle><addtitle>IEEE T MICROW THEORY</addtitle><description><![CDATA[A high-efficiency 27-30 GHz 0.13-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{{\mu } \text {m}} </tex-math></inline-formula> BiCMOS transmitter front end for mobile satellite communication (SATCOM) phased arrays is presented. A system-level analysis for determining the key parameters of the RF front end for the case of a SATCOM user terminal for geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) is presented. The building blocks of the beamformer, consisting of a phase shifter, variable attenuator, and power amplifier, are fully characterized. A 360° phase shifter with an accuracy of 7 bits and amplitude error of ±1.5 dB is integrated with a variable attenuator that provides a gain variation of 16 dB with phase error of ±5°. The chip has a measured transducer gain of 23 dB and a power consumption of 45 mW at OP 1dB of 10.8 dBm. The power-added efficiency (PAE) of 26.7% is measured for the entire channel at OP 1dB . An error vector magnitude (EVM) of −28 dB at P out,avg of 6 dBm and PAE avg of 12% is measured for a 400-MHz bandwidth 64-QAM modulated signal. The overall size of the chip is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{1.18} \times {2.23}\,\,\text {mm}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>.]]></description><subject>5G mobile communication</subject><subject>Antenna</subject><subject>Antenna arrays</subject><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Attenuators</subject><subject>beamformer chip</subject><subject>CMOS</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Engineering, Electrical & Electronic</subject><subject>Gain</subject><subject>geostationary Earth orbit (GEO)</subject><subject>gigabit per second</subject><subject>high efficiency</subject><subject>millimeter-wave phased array</subject><subject>passive beamforming</subject><subject>Phase error</subject><subject>phase shifter</subject><subject>Phase shifters</subject><subject>Phased arrays</subject><subject>Power amplifiers</subject><subject>Power consumption</subject><subject>Power management</subject><subject>Radio frequency</subject><subject>satellite communication (SATCOM)</subject><subject>Satellite communications</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>transmitter</subject><subject>variable attenuator</subject><issn>0018-9480</issn><issn>1557-9670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkF1LwzAUQIMoOD9-gPgS8FEy781H2zzOMp3gmGB98Km0XeIyXKtJh8xfb-ZEX4XATeCcXDiEnCEMEUFfFdOiGHLgOBQIQqdqjwxQqZTpJIV9MgDAjGmZwSE5CmEZn1JBNiDPIzpxLws2ttY1zrTNhvKUCWC3k0-KcbYreu1YPp090sJXbVi5vjee3viu7em4nVPbefo4KvLZlD4sqmDmdOR9tQkn5MBWr8Gc_sxj8nQzLvIJu5_d3uWje9YIpXuGglusGmmkBMWxEVJyLdJa8LmoLCqoNQIYNGmtQMmmxjpJrDLSYgQSJY7Jxe7fN9-9r03oy2W39m1cWXKlRZLxNNtSuKMa34XgjS3fvFtVflMilNuC5bZguS1Y_hSMTrZzPkzd2fCdx_x6AJCijCeLN4m566vedW3erds-qpf_VyN9vqOdMX-UVhwQE_EFE8KIUw</recordid><startdate>20211101</startdate><enddate>20211101</enddate><creator>Rasti Boroujeni, Soroush</creator><creator>Mazaheri, Mohammad Hossein</creator><creator>Ituah, Stanly</creator><creator>Wyrzykowska, Aneta</creator><creator>Ziabakhsh, Soheyl</creator><creator>Palizban, Ardeshir</creator><creator>Chen, Guoyan</creator><creator>El-Gouhary, Amany</creator><creator>Fereidani, Kaveh</creator><creator>Nezhad-Ahmadi, Mohammad-Reza</creator><creator>Safavi-Naeini, Safieddin</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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A system-level analysis for determining the key parameters of the RF front end for the case of a SATCOM user terminal for geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) is presented. The building blocks of the beamformer, consisting of a phase shifter, variable attenuator, and power amplifier, are fully characterized. A 360° phase shifter with an accuracy of 7 bits and amplitude error of ±1.5 dB is integrated with a variable attenuator that provides a gain variation of 16 dB with phase error of ±5°. The chip has a measured transducer gain of 23 dB and a power consumption of 45 mW at OP 1dB of 10.8 dBm. The power-added efficiency (PAE) of 26.7% is measured for the entire channel at OP 1dB . An error vector magnitude (EVM) of −28 dB at P out,avg of 6 dBm and PAE avg of 12% is measured for a 400-MHz bandwidth 64-QAM modulated signal. The overall size of the chip is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{1.18} \times {2.23}\,\,\text {mm}^{{2}} </tex-math></inline-formula>.]]></abstract><cop>PISCATAWAY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TMTT.2021.3103975</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4346-6463</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5604-9423</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8122-330X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0186-1801</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3357-0638</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5976-5118</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 5G mobile communication Antenna Antenna arrays Antennas Attenuators beamformer chip CMOS Efficiency Engineering Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Gain geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) gigabit per second high efficiency millimeter-wave phased array passive beamforming Phase error phase shifter Phase shifters Phased arrays Power amplifiers Power consumption Power management Radio frequency satellite communication (SATCOM) Satellite communications Satellites Science & Technology Technology transmitter variable attenuator |
| title | A High-Efficiency 27-30-GHz 130-nm Bi-CMOS Transmitter Front End for SATCOM Phased Arrays |
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