Review of Isolated DC-DC Converters for Application in Data Center Power Delivery

Ever-increasing digital connectivity coinciding with the advent of Industry 4.0 has significantly increased the need for reliable, safe, and fast-processing data centers. The reliability of these data centers depends on the continuity and quality of electrical power powering these centers. Although individual server racks are rated for a few kWs, their cumulative rating can reach MWs for typical data centers. Typically, these data centers are powered from medium voltage lines and require a rigid, efficient, and fast-responding power delivery architecture (PDA) to supply electronic loads operating at very low voltages. To achieve the desired performance, wide-bandgap (SiC/GaN)-based power-electronic converters operating at high frequencies provide a superior alternative to replace the existing Si-based power converters, improving the overall power density and operating efficiency. This paper presents a critical review of data centers' power delivery in general and on-board isolated DC-DC converters in particular. A detailed comparison of wide-bandgap-based-isolated DC-DC converters is presented considering the key features, efficiency, and power rating. Post-assessment, the potential opportunities for improving efficiency, power quality, and the subsequent impact of renewables on carbon footprint are also highlighted.