A Deterministic Satellite-to-Indoor Entry Loss Model

Advances in satellite and receiver technology make former denied areas like indoors accessible for satellite based radio services. As a consequence, suitable penetration loss models are of significant importance for service availability planning. Standard penetration loss models ignore the building layout in relation to the transmitter-receiver geometry. Within this paper, we introduce the term entry loss as a measure for the additional loss of a wideband impulse received at the geometrical line-of-sight path delay caused by the building materials. Knowing the received power caused by indoor multipath propagation, the penetration loss and the entry loss are deterministically related. As a contribution, we propose an entry loss model which is able to include the geometrical relation of walls, receiver and transmitter positions. Within the model, we treat walls, windows and doors as apertures and, therefore, as sources for signal penetration and diffraction. A verification of the model using wideband channel sounder measurement data is performed. By simulations, we show the comparability between existing models and the proposed one. Moreover, a short description on the usage of the proposed entry loss model for wideband channel simulations is provided.