Hardware-Implemented Lightweight Accelerator for Large Integer Polynomial Multiplication

Large integer polynomial multiplication is frequently used as a key component in post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms. Following the trend that efficient hardware implementation for PQC is emphasized, in this paper, we propose a new hardware-implemented lightweight accelerator for the large integer polynomial multiplication of Saber (one of the National Institute of Standards and Technology third-round finalists). First, we provided a derivation process to obtain the algorithm for the targeted polynomial multiplication. Then, the proposed algorithm is mapped into an optimized hardware accelerator. Finally, we demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed design, e.g., this accelerator with v=32 has at least 48.37% less area-delay product (ADP) than the existing designs. The outcome of this work is expected to provide useful references for efficient implementation of other PQC.