Intra-, Inter-, and Extra-Container Path Loss for Shipping Container Monitoring Systems
This letter presents empirical path loss models for an environment of stacked shipping containers. Specifically, a system for wireless monitoring of containers is considered for which three different types of wireless links are identified, namely intra-, inter-, and extra-container links. Furthermor...
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Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters 2012, Vol.11, p.889-892 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | This letter presents empirical path loss models for an environment of stacked shipping containers. Specifically, a system for wireless monitoring of containers is considered for which three different types of wireless links are identified, namely intra-, inter-, and extra-container links. Furthermore, the inter-container link is investigated for the two most common types of container stacking: row and block stacking. Intra- and inter-container path loss are investigated at IEEE 802.15.4 frequencies of 433, 868, and 2400 MHz. Extra-container path loss is examined at GSM/UMTS frequencies of 900, 1850, and 2100 MHz. Distance-dependent path loss models are proposed for the inter- and extra-container links (high-correlation coefficients between 0.76 and 0.86). The resulting path loss models can be used in link budget calculations for container monitoring systems. |
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ISSN: | 1536-1225 1548-5757 |
DOI: | 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2210694 |