ULPAC: A Miniaturized Ultralow-Power Atomic Clock
This article introduces a chip-scale ultralow-power atomic clock (ULPAC) in the microwave frequency region. A new suspended quantum package architecture along with a fully integrated frequency probing and locking loop implemented in CMOS technology results in a compact package and ultralow-power con...
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Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 2019-11, Vol.54 (11), p.3135-3148 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | This article introduces a chip-scale ultralow-power atomic clock (ULPAC) in the microwave frequency region. A new suspended quantum package architecture along with a fully integrated frequency probing and locking loop implemented in CMOS technology results in a compact package and ultralow-power consumption. In addition, dedicated low-noise magnetic field and temperature control loops are incorporated for isolating and mitigating the internal and external factors affecting the frequency stability. The output frequency of a crystal oscillator is continuously compensated and stabilized by locking to the peak of a coherent population trapping signal, thereby inheriting the superior frequency stability of the atomic resonance. The proposed ULPAC system achieves a frequency stability of 2.2 × 10 -12 at an averaging time of 10 5 s, while consuming 59.9 mW. The frequency probing and locking circuits implemented in a standard 65-nm CMOS process node occupy an area of 2.55 mm 2 . The prototype of this atomic clock occupies a volume of 15 cm 3 . |
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ISSN: | 0018-9200 1558-173X |
DOI: | 10.1109/JSSC.2019.2941004 |