Radiation survey of the LDEF spacecraft

The authors report the first complete gamma-ray survey of a large spacecraft, the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). The survey was conducted using an array of germanium detectors from the US Naval Research Laboratory and individual detectors from the Institute for Space Science and Technology...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE transactions on nuclear science 1991-04, Vol.38 (2), p.525-530
Hauptverfasser:	King, S.E., Phillips, G.W., August, R.A., Ritter, J.C., Cutchin, J.H., Haskins, P.S., KcKisson, J.E., Ely, D.W., Weisenberger, A.G., Piercey, R.B., Dybler, T.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	440103 - Radiation Instrumentation- Nuclear Spectroscopic Instrumentation Aircraft manufacture ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES Astronomy Atomic processes and interactions BERYLLIUM 7 BERYLLIUM ISOTOPES BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES BETA-PLUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES COBALT 56 COBALT 57 COBALT 60 COBALT ISOTOPES Conducting materials COSMIC GAMMA SOURCES COSMIC RAY SOURCES DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES DETECTION Detectors Earth, ocean, space ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES ELEMENTS EVEN-ODD NUCLEI Exact sciences and technology Fundamental aspects of astrophysics Fundamental astronomy and astrophysics. Instrumentation, techniques, and astronomical observations GAMMA DETECTION GE SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS Germanium INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI INTERNAL CONVERSION RADIOISOTOPES ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES ISOTOPES LIGHT NUCLEI MANGANESE 54 MANGANESE ISOTOPES Materials science and technology MEASURING INSTRUMENTS MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES MONITORING NANOSEC LIVING RADIOISOTOPES NITROGEN NONMETALS NUCLEI ODD-EVEN NUCLEI ODD-ODD NUCLEI OXYGEN Positrons RADIATION DETECTION RADIATION DETECTORS RADIATION MONITORING Radioactive materials RADIOISOTOPES SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS Sensor arrays SODIUM 22 SODIUM ISOTOPES Space technology SPACE VEHICLES VEHICLES YEARS LIVING RADIOISOT YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
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Zusammenfassung:	The authors report the first complete gamma-ray survey of a large spacecraft, the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). The survey was conducted using an array of germanium detectors from the US Naval Research Laboratory and individual detectors from the Institute for Space Science and Technology to study the accumulation and distribution of radioisotopes induced in the wide variety of materials present on the LDEF. /sup 22/Na, /sup 7/Be, /sup 54/Mn/el, and the positron annihilation line were all strongly observed. Traces of /sup 56/Co, /sup 57/Co, and /sup 60/Co were also observed The most striking feature of the data was the unexpected distribution of /sup 7/Be, which was predominately present on the leading surfaces of the spacecraft. The evidence clearly indicates an accretion of the /sup 7/Be onto the surface of the LDEF. This is the first known observation of the deposition of a radioisotope onto the surface of a spacecraft. /sup 7/Be is a spallation product of cosmic rays on nitrogen and oxygen in the upper atmosphere. To explain the surface density of 5.4*10/sup 5/ atoms/cm/sup 2/, it must be assumed that the light /sup 7/Be atom is transported up from lower altitudes.< >
ISSN:	0018-9499 1558-1578
DOI:	10.1109/23.289354