Effect of different temperature distribution on multi-stack BGA package

Purpose This paper aims to determine the optimum set of temperatures through correlation study to attain the most effective capillary flow of underfill in a multi-stack ball grid array (BGA) chip device. Design/methodology/approach Finite volume method is implemented in the simulation. A three-layer multi-stack BGA is modeled to simulate the underfill flow. The simulated models were well validated with the previous experimental work on underfill process. Findings The completion filling time shows high regression R-squared value of up to 0.9918, which indicates a substantial acceleration on the underfill process because of incorporation of thermal delta. An introduction of 11 °C thermal delta to the multi-stacks BGA managed to reduce the filling time by up to 16.4%. Practical implications Temperature-induced capillary flow is a relatively new type of driven underfill designed specifically for package on package BGA components. Its simple implementation can further improve the productivity of existing underfill process in the industry that is desirable in reducing the process lead time. Originality/value The effect of temperature-induced capillary flow in underfill encapsulation on multi-stacks BGA by means of statistical correlation study is a relatively new topic, which has never been reported in any other research according to the authors’ knowledge.