The use of induced pluripotent stem cells for studying and treating optic neuropathies

The present review aims to provide an update of applications of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for disease modeling, cell/gene therapy, and drug screening for optic neuropathies. Degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a characteristic of optic neuropathies. Human iPSCs can serve as a model to investigate disease pathology and potential repair mechanisms. In recent years, significant progress has been made in generating RGCs from iPSCs. Various groups have reported the potential of iPSCs for modeling optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma. The literature also highlights the potential to use iPSC-derived cells for high-throughput drug and toxicity screening. The present review summarizes current work in the field of iPSCs in optic neuropathies. Future studies to characterize iPSC-derived RGCs in a more in-depth manner will help expand the use of iPSCs to model and treat optic neuropathic diseases. Furthermore, iPSC modeling can be used in drug development by offering a new avenue to test novel therapeutic drugs for optic neuropathies.