Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Single-Agent Paclitaxel Poliglumex (CT-2103, PPX) with Single-Agent Gemcitabine or Vinorelbine for the Treatment of PS 2 Patients with Chemotherapy-Naïve Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and impaired performance status (PS ≥ 2) have limited life expectancies and decreased tolerance for drug-induced toxicities. Current treatment guidelines indicate that PS 2 patients benefit from systemic therapy. Further refinement of treatment in these patients requires reduction of treatment-associated toxicities while maintaining or improving efficacy. Paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX), a macromolecular polymer–drug conjugate of paclitaxel and poly-l-glutamic acid, may enhance the therapeutic index of paclitaxel. Chemotherapy-naive PS 2 patients with advanced NSCLC randomly received single-agent PPX (175 mg/m2) or a comparator (single-agent vinorelbine or gemcitabine). The primary end point of this study was overall survival. Overall survival was similar between treatment arms (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95; log-rank p = 0.686). Median and 1-year survival were 7.3 months and 26%, respectively, for PPX versus 6.6 months and 26% for the control arm. There was a nonsignificant trend toward improved survival in women in the PPX arm compared with standard single agents (HR = 0.65; p = 0.069). The most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events in the treatment versus control arm were dyspnea (13% versus 17%, respectively) and fatigue (10% versus 9%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia and anemia were reduced in the PPX arm (2% versus 8% and 3% versus 9%, respectively). Neuropathy, a taxane-specific toxicity, was more common in the PPX arm; grade 3 neuropathy was limited to 3%. Single-agent PPX, dosed at 175 mg/m2, is active and well tolerated in PS 2 patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients on PPX required fewer red blood cell transfusions, hematopoietic growth factors, opioid analgesics, and clinic visits than patients receiving gemcitabine or vinorelbine.