Mesenteric Thrombosis following Sclerotherapy during Vasopressin Infusion: Mechanism and Therapeutic Implications

In a series of 602 consecutive sclerotherapies, two cirrhotic patients who had received successful sclerotherapy for control of variceal bleeding while on vasopressin infusions developed mesenteric thrombosis. We found no other cases (in our institution or in literature review) where sclerotherapy or vasopressin infusion alone precipitated mesenteric thrombosis. During vasopressin infusion, there is portal stasis and an increased caudad flow of sclerosant. We suggest that mesenteric thrombosis is a consequence of the combination of these two effects. Direct injection of gastric varices is difficult because of increased postsclerotherapy bleeding, but sclerosis of esophageal varices often leads to their obliteration by the caudad flow of sclerosant. We propose, therefore, that vasopressin infusion during esophageal sclerotherapy may be beneficial in the obliteration of gastric varices. We conclude that (a) in patients without gastric varices, vasopressin infusion increases the incidence of mesenteric thrombosis, and (b) vasopressin infusion during sclerotherapy may enhance the sclerosis of gastric varices.