Prevalence and Risk Factors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in a Sample of Egyptian University Students in Ain Shams University

Abstract Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a global health concern, with a prevalence ranging from 1.5% to 54.8%. Typically starting during adolescence, it was proposed that there is a correlation between NSSI and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as parental antagonism, neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. Many turn to NSSI as a strategy to cope with emotional regulation difficulties, using it as a means to navigate and manage their emotions effectively. Aim of the Work Examining the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in young adult students at Ain Shams University, exploring the methods and functions of NSSI, assessing the correlation with emotional regulation difficulties and adverse childhood experiences. Patients and Methods This study is an observational cross-sectional study, A convenient sample of 400 Undergraduate students at Ain Shams university was obtained equally distributed between the Faculties of Medicine and Education. Results Among Ain Shams University students, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) prevalence was 18% engaging in NSSI last year, and 4.3% reporting repetitive instances. Common forms included pounding oneself (16.2%), cutting (15.4%), and biting (15.4%). NSSI functions revealed relief from negative feelings (14.2%) and self-punishment (11.7%) as major goals. Academic challenges were a top motivating factor, alongside guilt, problem confrontation difficulties, and unstable relationships. Those with multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were more likely to engage in NSSI, showing a positive correlation with NSSI frequency. Emotional regulation difficulties, were also linked to NSSI, indicating a predictive relationship between emotional regulation challenges and self-injurious behavior in young adults. Conclusion Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent among young adults. The study emphasizes the considerable influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and challenges in emotional regulation on NSSI in this demographic. In conclusion, these results underscore the crucial role of addressing early life experiences and emotional regulation to comprehend and prevent NSSI among young adults.