Impact of dark energy on the equation of state in light of the latest cosmological data

Abstract We reconstruct the effective equation of state (EoS) within the framework of the general theory of relativity in a homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker universe, which is assumed to be composed of matter and dark energy (DE). Our analysis employs a dataset consisting of 31 cosmic chronometer data points, six data points of baryon acoustic oscillations, and 1048 type Ia supernovae from the Pantheon sample, and we determine the best-fitting values of the model parameters through Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. We then use these parameter values to calculate various cosmological parameters, such as the DE EoS parameter, the energy density, the deceleration parameter, the state-finder parameters, and the Om(z) diagnostic. All the analyzed cosmological parameters show behavior consistent with the accelerated universe scenario.