Absorption and Conversion of 11,12-3H-β-Carotene to Vitamin A in Sprague-Dawley Rats of Different Vitamin A Status

The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability and bioconversion to vitamin A of a single oral dose in oil or an aqueous dispersion of labeled β-carotene in rats of different vitamin A status. Weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a vitamin A–deficient diet and supplemented for 4 wk with 0, 7, 21 and 63 μg/(rat · d) of retinyl acetate. The rats, of different vitamin A status, were then given a single oral dose of 11,12-3H-β-carotene (0.15 μmol) dissolved in corn oil or dispersed in aqueous Tween 80. The rats were killed 4 or 24 h after the dose, and serum, liver, the entire digestive tract, other tissues, urine and feces were analyzed for carotenoids, retinoids and associated radioactivity. At 4 h after the dose, 85 ± 9% of the administered radioactivity was recovered. Almost 50% of the dose was present as intact β-carotene in the large intestine where further absorption and conversion was ruled out. The absorption of β-carotene was very low, and < 5% of the radioactive dose was converted to retinoids. The absorption and conversion to vitamin A did not differ among rats of different vitamin A status. The results suggest that a single oral dose of β-carotene might not be an effective way of raising vitamin A stores in the body.