Effects of anakinra on patients with heart failure below and above 60 years of age

Abstract Background Anakinra, an interleukin-1 (IL-1) blocker, is being explored in heart failure (HF) to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). CRF declines with increasing age. Purpose We aimed to determine the influence of anakinra on CRF in aging patients with HF. Methods We analyzed data from 73 patients with HF (55 [51-62] years, 37 (51%) female) treated with anakinra 100 mg subcutaneously daily. Patients were stratified into two groups according to a predetermined cut-off age of 60 years. We measured peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) and C-reactive protein (CRP), a surrogate for IL-1 activity. Results We included 49 (67%) patients with age