Effects of inhaled seralutinib on right ventricular-pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) coupling and right heart function in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Abstract Background Impaired RV-PA coupling portends a poor prognosis in PAH, and right ventricular free wall strain/systolic pulmonary artery pressure (RVFWS/sPAP) has been reported as a measure of RV-PA coupling. Furthermore, increased RVFWS and right atrial area (RAA), as well as decreased pulmonary artery compliance (PAC) are associated with increased mortality risk in PAH. Seralutinib is a novel, small molecule kinase inhibitor that targets PDGFR, CSF1R, and c-KIT administered via dry powder inhaler. TORREY, a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study of inhaled seralutinib in patients with PAH (NCT04456998) met its primary endpoint, demonstrating a significant reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) from baseline (BL) to Week 24 compared to placebo. In addition, seralutinib significantly decreased NT-proBNP. Purpose To test the hypothesis that seralutinib would improve RVFWS/sPAP and other measures of right heart function after 24 weeks of treatment compared to placebo in the TORREY study. Methods Eighty-six patients with WHO Group 1 PH (Functional Class II, III), ages ≥18 years, pulmonary vascular resistance ≥400 dyne*s/cm5, and on stable PAH standard of care therapy (the majority of whom were on double and triple therapy with approved PAH medications) were enrolled. Right heart catheterisation (RHC) and full echocardiography were performed at BL and Week 24 and at BL, Week 12, and Week 24, respectively; both were analysed in a blinded central laboratory. To calculate RVFWS/sPAP, the pulmonary artery systolic pressure from RHC was used. PAC was calculated from RHC data with the formula (SV/(PAS-PAD)). Statistical analysis was performed using ANCOVA. Results At Week 24, the change in RVFWS/sPAP was lower in the seralutinib group compared to placebo (Table). The changes in RVFWS and RAA were lower in the seralutinib group vs placebo at Week 12 and Week 24 (Table). Change in NT-proBNP correlated with change in RAA (r = 0.43). At Week 24, change in PAC was greater in the seralutinib group (-0.02 ± 0.085 placebo, 0.19 ± 0.089 seralutinib; LSMD 0.22 (0.104) p = 0.04). There was no effect of seralutinib on left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusion Treatment with seralutinib was associated with a significant reduction of RVFWS/sPAP. In addition, significant differences in RVFWS itself, RAA, and PAC were observed. These treatment effects support improved RV-PA coupling and right heart function. In conjunction with concordant r