Real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of aortic valve stenosis

Aims To determine the feasibility of real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D-TOE) in the evaluation of aortic valve stenosis, to study its reliability, and to test the concordance of this new method when compared with transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-TTE) as the diagnostic standard. Methods and results Fifty-nine consecutive patients with moderate-to-severe aortic valve stenosis were assessed by means of 2D-TTE and 3D-TOE by independent blinded observers. Aortic valve planimetry was possible in 94.9% of patients. Inter-observer intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.892 (CI 95% 0.818-0.936; P < 0.001), and 0.871 (CI 95% 0.780-0.925; P < 0.001) for 2D-TTE and 3D-TOE, respectively. Bland-Altman plot showed a mean difference in aortic valve area (AVA) of 0.040 cm2, with 2D-TTE yielding larger values than 3D-TOE. ICC of both methods was 0.724 (CI 95% 0.530-0.839; P < 0.001). Conclusion Assessment of AVA by means of 3D-TOE is feasible in most patients with aortic valve stenosis. Reliability of the measurement is good. However, there is some disagreement with standard 2D-TTE that needs further investigation.