The Lanzhou Brucella Leak: The Largest Laboratory Accident in the History of Infectious Diseases?

Abstract An inadequacy in sanitizing processes in a biopharmaceutical plant in Lanzhou, China, during July and August 2019, led to the aerosolization of Brucella that was subsequently spread through wind to nearby settlements and academic institutes, resulting in >10 000 human brucellosis cases, as of November 2020. The leak, possibly the largest laboratory accident in the history of infectious diseases, underlines the particular characteristics of Brucella that have made the pathogen a historical entity in biodefense research and a major cause of laboratory-associated infections. It further underlines the need for enhanced vigilance and strict regulatory interventions in similar facilities. Inadequate waste handling in a veterinary vaccine–producing facility in Lanzhou, China, led, in 2019, to Brucella aerosolized dispersion over neighboring inhabited areas, resulting in >10 000 human cases, in what is possibly the largest laboratory accident ever recorded.