Behavior of Ruddy Duck Broods in Utah

This study reports on the brood-related behavior of Ruddy Ducks at Farmington Bay Waterfowl Management Area, Farmington, Utah. Drake accompaniment of hens and broods apparently resulted from a residual mate attraction rather than from a paternal relationship with the brood. Hen Ruddy Ducks accomplished inter- and intraspecific brood defense by means of agonistic displays and actual aggression. Communication between hen and brood was accomplished through visual and, occasionally, auditory signals. Calls were used to regroup ducklings, whereas visual displays were used to stimulate specific brood response. Brood behavior varied according to the age of the ducklings and the site occupied.