Antennal Sensilla in Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Insect antennae are crucial sensory organs that house numerous sensilla with receptors for perceiving a wide variety of cues dominating their world. Historically, inconsistent terminology and criteria have been used to classify antennal sensilla, which has greatly impeded the comparison of data even across closely related species. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are no exception to this quandary, and despite their prominent antennae, few studies have investigated their antennal morphology and ultrastructure, and none have compared sensillar diversity and variation among cerambycids. Existing studies of longhorn beetle antennal sensilla include only 29 species in five of the eight cerambycid subfamilies and include misidentified sensilla types and conflicting terminology. As such, it is very difficult to conduct comparative morphological studies of antennal sensilla in longhorn beetles and challenging to understand inter- and intra-specific variation in the sensory systems of these beetles.To facilitate future comparative studies, we reviewed all accessible published papers that have used scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) to investigate antennal sensilla in cerambycids, and present a first attempt at standardizing the classification of their documented sensilla types and subtypes. Specifically, we discuss seven major types of antennal sensilla (Boöhm bristles, sensilla chaetica, chemosensory hairs, sensilla basiconica, dome shaped organs, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla auricillica). We also imaged the antennae of relevant species of longhorn beetles using SEM and included images exemplifying as many of the sensilla types and subtypes as possible.