Vertical flow constructed wetlands efficiency with varying surface loading rates

This paper searches in determining the optimal surface loading rates of constructed wetland treatment plant with vertical flow, through constructing a pilot plant which is consist of two filters, the first one is planted with Phragmites plant while the other is unplanted. As a result, it is recommended that constructed wetlands in our country should be designed with consideration of applying low surface loading rate (at least 1 m 2 p −1 ). The removal efficiencies observed for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Suspended Solids (SS), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Phosphate (PO 4 ) were notably enhanced in the presence of vegetation, with improvements reaching up to 14%, 10%, 11%, and 12% respectively across various applied surface loading rates.