Differential evolution-based time domain decomposition method for multi-impact vibration signals of reciprocating machinery

To solve the problem of extracting the impact component from the complex time-domain vibration signal of reciprocating machinery vibration signals, a differential evolution (DE)-based time domain decomposition method is proposed to achieve adaptive extraction of impact components. The method establishes new decomposition window containing three adjustment parameters to adapt to multiple forms of impact components. Furthermore, with the optimization objectives of minimizing reconstruction loss, amplitude moment loss, and similarity loss, a decomposition parameter optimization algorithm based on DE is established to achieve the optimization process of decomposition parameters. The results of processing simulated and actual vibration signals of diesel engines show that the new method can adaptively and accurately identify the impact component and impact time center in the vibration component, with a signal reconstruction loss of less than 2.5% and a decomposition time of only 54.1 s.