Practical application of international recommendations and safety standards in the systematic planning and implementation of remediation of sites or areas with residual radioactive material

The IAEA fundamental safety objective is and this must be done ' , while ensuring that people and the environment, present and future are protected against radiation risks (IAEA 2006 No. SF-1). In addition, (IAEA 2006 No. SF-1). An international system of radiological protection can be applied such that processes, such as remediation, can be systematically undertaken to address the wide range of present globally. In doing so, decisions made regarding actions undertaken can be demonstrated to be and (i.e. balanced), such that the amount of effort should be commensurate with the risk (applying a ). In addition, protection of people and the environment can be demonstrated by comparing the actual exposure to appropriate criteria over the lifetime of remediation. This paper provides an overview of the current IAEA safety standards on remediation of sites or areas contaminated with residual radioactive material within the international system of radiological protection and provides practical examples of their application through case studies considered in IAEA international model validation programs.