The Helmholtz resonator revisited

Helmholtz resonances are cavity resonances. They have played an important role in the development of acoustics and are now used in technical applications. They also contribute to the sound quality of some musical instruments. Investigations of resonance frequencies are fundamental in the field of physics education and didactics. Using conventional equipment, we have explored the resonances of several cavity resonators. The resonances were excited in different ways and we have compared our observations with theoretical results. Especially end corrections and the transition from volume resonators to linear pipes were investigated and are discussed. The presented experiments are well suited for classroom demonstrations and student projects.