Comparative Analysis of Immunophenotypic Abnormalities in Cellular Immunity of Uremic Patients Undergoing Either Hemodialysis or Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Aim. To investigate the abnormalities of cellular immune responses in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and in those on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Patients and Methods. Forty-five (45) healthy volunteers, 34 patients on HD therapy, and 37 patients on CAPD were recruited for the present study. Lymphocyte subpopulations (CD2 + , CD3 + , CD3 + /CD4 + , CD3 + /CD8 + , CD3 − /16 + 56 + , CD19, and CD4/CD8) were determined by flow cytometry. Results. Lymphopenia, decreased absolute counts, and altered percentage values of CD3 + , CD3 + /4 + , and CD19 + subpopulations were found in both patient groups. The HD and CAPD patients showed increased percentages of natural killer cells (CD3 − /16 + 56 + ) compared to controls but CD4 + /CD8 + ratio showed no significant changes among uremic patients and controls. Conclusions. Replacement therapy may contribute to the quantitative alterations of immune subsets found in HD and CAPD patients compared to normal subjects. We speculate that these changes account, at least in part, for the immune dysregulation observed in patients with chronic renal failure. Analysis of lymphocyte subsets will help the research and the evaluation of the possible causes of immunodeficiency in uremic patients undergoing replacement therapy and will probably contribute to more efficient and preventive strategies.