Tumenggung leadership and educational model in leading indigenous people: Suku Anak Dalam portrait

The "Suku Anak Dalam" tribe (abbreviated as SAD) as an isolated tribe in Jambi, Indonesia, has become a topic of interest for several studies. The lack of in-depth study of education and leadership gives a negative perception of SAD. This article aims to reveal the influence of the Tumenggung leadership and the educational model in the context of SAD's social life. The study used mixed methods. Data were obtained through questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation. Using stratified random sampling, the research samples of as many as 242 people were selected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 with regression and flowchart analysis. The study partially proves that the variables presented are significant, namely the leadership of Tumenggung (77.9%), the read-write-count education model (56.5%), the political education model (72.2%), the environmental education model (67.5%), and health education model (77%). Simultaneously, the five variables also significantly influence the social life of SAD by 66.7%. It can be concluded that Tumenggung's leadership and educational model have a significant and positive impact on SAD's social life, as shown by the rise of awareness of reading, writing, and counting and political, environmental, and health-related awareness.