Synergistic Effect of Self-Assembled Curcumin and Piperine Co-Loaded Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles on Suppressing Cancer Cells

The combinational therapy is often considered as a desire in chemotherapy despite some limitations. This study aimed to encapsulate two natural-based drugs, curcumin (CUR), and piperine (PIP) into highly biocompatible albumin nanoparticles for anticancer applications. A simultaneous exertion of CUR and PIP in a biocompatible drug delivery system with the minimum side effects and no limitations was achievable in this work for cancer treatment. Curcumin and piperine co-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles (CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs) were synthesized by the self-assembly method. The effectiveness of the codelivery system was evaluated physically, chemically, and pharmaceutically. Moreover, the anticancer activity of CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs was studied on MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs showed appropriate stability with an average particle size of 154.7 ± 5.2 nm. Loading of drugs was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The drug encapsulation efficiencies (DEEs) of CUR and PIP in NPs were 85.3% ± 1.46% and 81.7%, ± 1.67%, respectively. Furthermore, the drug loading efficiency (DLE) of CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs was 8.71% ± 0.24%. The circular dichroism (CD) examination of the NPs confirmed that the conformational structure of albumin remained unchanged during the synthesis. In addition, the cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated the high potential of CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs against breast cancer (MCF-7) cells in the presence of PIP as both bioenhancer and anticancer drug with the capability of suppressing the effect of multidrug resistance (MDR). The results suggest that CUR-PIP-HSA-NPs can be employed as a practical drug delivery system in cancer treatment with synergistic effects of both CUR and PIP.