Study of the spring back of calibres in material forming processes of roll forging mills

Roll forging for the preliminary profiling of heated material is one of the methods used to optimise material utilisation and minimise the waste of metal as flash in preforming operations as well as to improve material distribution for the subsequent operations. Processes of roll forging using calibres were presented and the technology using 16 different experiments were analysed to validate the propositions regarding roll forging in multiple stages. The presented process was evaluated using the finite-element method, and an elementary formula was obtained to determine the spring back amount during the roll forging and investigations conducted to analyse the obtained results.