FDTD Algorithm for Microstrip Antennas with Lossy Substrates Using Higher Order Schemes

Higher order spatial schemes are applied to approximate the derivatives of the conducting Maxwell's equations and an analytical study regarding the stability properties and the numerical dispersion of the N-order-in-space and second-order-in-time technique is considered. The hard-to-model effect of dielectric losses on microstrip antennas is investigated and their performance is demonstrated using a fourth-order-in-space and second-order-in-time, finite-difference time-domain scheme in three-dimensional calculations.