An alternative approach to estimate river cross-sections using LIDAR-based digital elevation model

Topographic LIDAR can be used to estimate elevation values for dry areas down to the river water level during the extraction of river cross-sections (XS). However, LIDAR cannot accurately predict the submerged topography, which causes uncertainty in river XS area estimation. This uncertainty affects the channel water level and flood inundation depth estimation in in situ sparse data. Therefore, an alternative approach is presented to estimate unknown submerged topography (UST) using topographic LIDAR. The one dimension/two dimension Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (1D/2D HEC-RAS) model is used to simulate the estimated river XS with the help of in situ river water level and flow data which is later validated using in situ data. The results show that the proposed approach accurately estimates water level (error >0.5 m), channel flow areas, and floodplain water depths. Notably, the extent of the estimated floodplain overflow by UST models was in 94% agreement with the real XS.