Identification of Direct Genomic Targets Downstream of the Nuclear Factor-κB Transcription Factor Mediating Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that controls expression of inflammatory genetic networks. Although the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway is crucial for mediating cellular TNF responses, the complete spectrum of NF-κB-dependent genes is unknown. In this study, we used a tetracycline-regulated cell line expressing an NF-κB inhibitor to systematically identify NF-κB-dependent genes. A microarray data set generated from a time course of TNF stimulation in the presence or absence of NF-κB signaling was analyzed. We identified 50 unique genes that were regulated by TNF (Pr(F)