Membrane depolarization causes a direct activation of G protein-coupled receptors leading to local Ca 2+ release in smooth muscle

Membrane depolarization activates voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels (VDCCs) inducing Ca 2+ release via ryanodine receptors (RyRs), which is obligatory for skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction and other physiological responses. However, depolarization-induced Ca 2+ release and its functional importance as well as underlying signaling mechanisms in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are largely unknown. Here we report that membrane depolarization can induce RyR-mediated local Ca 2+ release, leading to a significant increase in the activity of Ca 2+ sparks and contraction in airway SMCs. The increased Ca 2+ sparks are independent of VDCCs and the associated extracellular Ca 2+ influx. This format of local Ca 2+ release results from a direct activation of G protein-coupled, M 3 muscarinic receptors in the absence of exogenous agonists, which causes activation of Gq proteins and phospholipase C, and generation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP 3 ), inducing initial Ca 2+ release through IP 3 receptors and then further Ca 2+ release via RyR2 due to a local Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release process. These findings demonstrate an important mechanism for Ca 2+ signaling and attendant physiological function in SMCs.