Fast axial resolution enhancement microscopy with structured illumination

In this study, we introduce Fast Axial Resolution Enhancement (FARE) microscopy, which employs tilted strip illumination to achieve a near-isotropic three-dimensional resolution with three images per plane. FARE provides an imaging rate of up to 1.5 Hz for 55 × 55 × 3 μm3 with an axial resolution of ∼270 nm. Using this technique, we observed the movement of the endoplasmic reticulum in three dimensions and discovered novel patterns of mitochondrial morphological transitions and their interactions with other organelles under oxidative stress. These findings highlight the significant potential of FARE microscopy for biomedical applications.