Spin–orbit effects on the transactinide p -block element monohydrides MH (M=element 113–118)

Spin–orbit effects on the bond lengths and dissociation energies of sixth- and seventh-row p-block element monohydrides MH(M=Tl–Rn and element 113–118) are evaluated using relativistic effective core potentials at the coupled-cluster level of theory. Spin–orbit effects play a dominant role in the determination of molecular properties for the seventh-row hydrides. Spin–orbit effects on the bond lengths and dissociation energies of seventh-row hydrides are qualitatively similar to, but substantially larger than those of the sixth-row homologs due to the enormous spin–orbit splitting of 7p orbitals. Spin–orbit interactions change the bond lengths of sixth- and seventh-row hydrides by −0.02∼+0.03 Å and −0.21∼+0.21 Å , respectively. Spin–orbit interactions usually elongate the bond lengths except for the molecules of the (p1/2)1-valence atoms, i.e., TlH and (113)H. The maximum elongation is predicted for (115)H, where the element 115(eka-bismuth) has the (7p3/2)1 configuration outside the inner (7p1/2)2 closed-shell. The spin–orbit coupling weakens the bondings between the heavy element and the hydrogen except for BiH and changes the dissociation energies by −0.71∼+0.08 eV and −2.18∼−0.23 eV for sixth- and seventh-row hydrides, respectively. The dissociation energy of the (114)H molecule is merely 0.39 eV, because the element 114(eka-lead) has a closed-shell electronic structure in the jj-coupling scheme. The bonding between the element 118(eka-radon), which is another closed-shell atom, and hydrogen is very weak and can be regarded as a pure van der Waals bond. But with highly electronegative elements the element 118 seems to form more stable compounds than other closed-shell atoms such as the element 112(eka-mercury) or the element 114.